Design and Implementation of Light Intensity Control System for Living Room and Terrace Lighting

Abstract

Current residential lighting systems predominantly rely on manual switching mechanisms to operate lamps. Specifically, users must physically press a switch to turn a light on and press it again to turn it off. This proposed system utilizes an LDR light sensor and a PIR sensor to detect light intensity and human movement, respectively. The system operates such that if the LDR sensor detects no light, the lamp activates; conversely, when exposed to light, the lamp deactivates. Furthermore, the PIR sensor detects presence when an individual passes by or moves in proximity to the sensor. Both sensors provide input signals processed by an ATmega16 microcontroller. The microcontroller, programmed using C language, processes these inputs to control the output, which consists of 5V incandescent lamps. This prototype is implemented in two sample environments: a living room and a terrace. Each room is equipped with one PIR sensor and one 5V incandescent lamp. The PIR sensors are directly interfaced with a single ATmega16 microcontroller, while the LDR sensor functions by detecting intensity from sunlight or other bright light sources.